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Culture and Education
Cultura y Educación
Volume 17, 2005 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

Efectos del uso de la pizarra en la toma de apuntes de estudiantes universitarios

Effects of blackboard use on university students' note-taking

Pages 373-385 | Received 01 Jun 2005, Accepted 01 Nov 2005, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

En este artículo se presenta parte de los resultados de una investigación sobre la toma de apuntes de alumnos universitarios de primer año, que no habían tenido en la escuela secundaria un entrenamiento en lectura y escritura satisfactorios en relación con las demandas de una universidad recientemente fundada en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Aunque, antes de ser admitidos, habían tomado un curso preparatorio, gran cantidad de estudiantes no aprobaban sus exámenes en primer año y profesores y alumnos encontraban en los apuntes una razón importante de ese fracaso. En la investigación, cuyo objetivo último era elaborar recomendaciones a los profesores para facilitar a estos estudiantes la toma de apuntes en clase, se reconocieron diversos estilos de exposiciones docentes y distintos tipos de apuntes. Entre las primeras se estableció un continuum en cuyos polos se encuentran clases que se asemejan a una ponencia y clases del tipo “habla y tiza”, que alternan la voz del profesor con las de los alumnos y se apoyan en textos escritos (en pizarrón, distribuidos en fotocopias, etc.). Entre los apuntes de los alumnos se distinguieron los verbatim, que tratan de copiar toda la clase -como si ella fuera un dictado-, de los que seleccionan enunciados docentes y los registran en un texto bien organizado que integra sus diversas fuentes, orales o escritas. Entre clases y apuntes se establecieron correlaciones a partir de las cuales se halló que los apuntes que distinguían tópicos en el discurso del profesor y registraban la información de manera jerarquizada correspondían a una clase que se apoyó en escritura metaverbal en pizarra que no entró en competencia con la oralidad docente. En el artículo se focaliza el uso que el docente hizo de esa escritura durante su clase y los logros y problemas relevados en los apuntes de sus estudiantes.

Abstract

Part of the findings of a research on first year university students note taking is presented. The students had not received reading and writing training at secondary school to enable them to meet the demands made at a university recently founded in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Although they took a compensatory course before they were admitted, most students did not pass their first year exams. Teachers and students considered class notes an important reason for this failure. In the present research study —whose ultimate aim was to elaborate recommendations to teachers about ways to help these students in class note taking—different expository styles among the teachers and types of notes taken by the students were identified. Among the former, a continuum was established ranging from classes which resemble a lecture to those that follow a “talk and write” pattern, in which the teacher and students speak alternately and use written texts for support (e.g., blackboard, handouts, etc.). Comparing the different types of students' notes, we distinguished between 1) verbatim, in which the whole class is taken down as if it were a dictation, and 2) selected statements made by the teacher in class are clearly organized in a text which integrates both oral and written inputs. Based on correlations between classes and students' notes, it was found that notes which recognized topics in teachers' explanations and registered the information hierarchically corresponded to a class based on metaverbal writing on the blackboard which did not compete with teachers' oral discourse. In this article we focus on the use teachers made of writing on the blackboard during the class and the achievements and problems recognized in students' notes.

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