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Culture and Education
Cultura y Educación
Volume 24, 2012 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

La aplicación del conocimiento contextualizado en la resolución de problemas matemáticos un estudio sobre las dificultades de los niños en la resolución de problemas no rutinarios

Applying contextualised knowledge to math problem solving: A study on children's difficulties in non-routine problem solving

Pages 351-362 | Received 15 Nov 2010, Accepted 20 Dec 2011, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio es profundizar en las dificultades encontradas en los niños cuando resuelven problemas no rutinarios y que parecen provenir de ciertas creencias matemáticas incorrectas. Para ello, se solicitó a alumnos de 2° y 3° de E.P. que resolviesen y corrigiesen problemas no rutinarios contrarios a cuatro de esas concepciones. Los resultados mostraron, en primer lugar, que las creencias consistentes en que “todo problema tiene una solución” o “hay una única solución posible” eran más difíciles de vencer que las relativas a que “siempre deben realizarse cálculos” o “todos los datos numéricos deben ser empleados”. En segundo lugar, además, estas dificultades aumentaban cuando los alumnos tenían que resolver ellos mismos los problemas. Por último, a pesar de que la ejecución de los niños de 2° y 3° fue similar, las estrategias de resolución incorrectas empleadas fueron diferentes.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine children's difficulties in non-routine problem solving that seem to come from incorrect beliefs about mathematics. To this end, second and third graders were asked to solve and correct non-routine problems opposite to these beliefs. The results showed, firstly, that beliefs consisting of “every problem has a solution” or “there is only a possible correct answer” were more difficult to overcome than those relating to “it is always necessary to make calculations” or “all numbers have to be used”. Secondly, children's difficulties increased when they had to solve the problems themselves. Finally, although the performance of second and third graders was similar, incorrect problem-solving procedures applied were different.

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