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Culture and Education
Cultura y Educación
Volume 24, 2012 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

Entrevistas y observaciones de aula: otra mirada a los perfiles de prácticas docentes

Interviews and classroom observations: Another look at the profiles of teaching practices

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Pages 401-413 | Received 06 Jul 2010, Accepted 09 Dec 2011, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

La caracterización detallada de las prácticas docentes constituye un paso imprescindible para determinar las condiciones más apropiadas para el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura. Presentamos la concurrencia del uso de dos instrumentos —la entrevista semiestructurada y la observación—para obtener una visión más precisa de los perfiles de prácticas docentes para enseñar a leer y escribir identificados en la primera fase de la investigación longitudinal que enmarca este trabajo. Los dos instrumentos se diseñan con el objetivo de captar mejor las diferentes formas de hacer del profesorado, y se aplican a una muestra de 71 docentes con sus respectivas aulas (39 de Infantil-5 años y 32 de 1° de Primaria). El análisis de los resultados confirma que ambos instrumentos son eficaces para detectar las preferencias que los docentes afirman tener para encarar la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura: permiten corroborar tres perfiles de prácticas docentes para enseñar a leer y a escribir —instructional, situational y multidimensional—así como especificar y matizar las formas de hacer características de cada perfil, aportando detalles que pueden ser cruciales para explicar los logros del alumnado en el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura.

Abstract

A detailed characterisation of teacher practices is a first and crucial step to determine the best conditions for successful literacy learning. In this paper, we show the concurrence of the me of two instruments —semi-structured interview and classroom observation—to obtain a more detailed, in depth and exploratory view of practice profiles to teach reading and writing, which had been identified in a previous phase of this longitudinal study. Two instruments were designed in order to better identify teachers' different ways of going about teaching to read and write. These instruments were administered to a sample of 71 teachers and their respective classes (39 five year olds in preschool, and 32 in first year of primary school). The analysis of results confirms that both instruments efficiently detect teachers' declared preferences for teaching to read and write. They allow us to confirm the existence of three teaching practice profiles for literacy instruction —instructional, situational, and multidimensional—as well as specify and clarify teachers' characteristic ways of going about instruction in each profile, contributing details that may be crucial to explain students' reading and writing achievements.

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