Factorial Structure and Invariance Analysis of the Sense of Belonging Scales

Abstract

Using a diverse sample of university students, this article describes outcomes of a confirmatory factor analysis and a group invariance analysis conducted to validate the factorial structure of the Sense of Belonging Scales. Accordingly, a modified factor structure departing significantly from that of the original authors is proposed.

• sense of belonging
• confirmatory factor analysis
• measurement invariance
• college students
• mattering

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Esau Tovar

Esau Tovar is an Associate Professor of Counseling at Santa Monica College. His research interest include college student psychosocial development and transitions, measurement, and college faculty diversity.

Merril A. Simon

Merril A. Simon is a Professor in the Department of Educational Psychology & Counseling at California State University, Northridge, where she coordinates the College Counseling/Student Services master’s program. Her research interests focus on the successful transition of students into college.