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Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
The Canadian Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science
Volume 50, 2011 - Issue 1
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Original Article

Interfacial morphologies between NiO–YSZ fuel electrode/316 stainless steel as interconnect material and B‐Ni3 brazing alloy in solid oxide fuel cell system: effect of joint loading during brazing

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Pages 72-79 | Received 16 Jun 2009, Accepted 14 Jul 2010, Published online: 26 Nov 2013
 

Abstract

Joining of NiO–YSZ composite with 316 stainless steel was carried out using B‐Ni3 brazing filler alloy (Ni–4·5Si–3·2B–0·06C–0·02P, wt‐%; melting point, 982–1038°C) and two samples were fabricated. On the one hand, interfacial (chemical) reactions during brazing at the NiO–YSZ/316 stainless steel interconnect were promoted only by addition of an electroless nickel plate to NiO–YSZ composite as a coating with relevant process variables and procedures optimised during the electroless nickel plating. On the other hand, moderate loading was applied during brazing normal to the joint surface where electroless nickel plate was coated previously to improve interfacial sealing of the NiO–YSZ cermet anode/316 stainless steel interconnect structure for use in a solid oxide fuel cell. A special fixture for static loading was designed for filler metal alloy strips to be preplaced at the joint surface where static loading was applied perpendicular to it for the promotion of liquid alloy layer formation during brazing. Brazing was performed in a cold wall vacuum furnace at 1080°C and post‐brazing examination of interfacial morphologies between NiO–YSZ composite and 316 stainless steel was performed using SEM and EDS analyses. The results indicate that B‐Ni3 brazing filler alloy was fused fully during brazing and continuous interfacial layer formation and joint integrity were significantly affected by applied static loading during brazing. The loading most probably contributed to promotion of the B‐Ni3 liquid phase formation in the joint. However, the thickness of the interface area remained almost the same at 100 μm for loaded and unloaded joints.

On a assemblé le composite NiO–YSZ avec l’acier inoxydable 316 en utilisant l’alliage d’apport de brasage B‐Ni3 (4·5% en poids Si, 3·2% en poids B, 0·06% en poids C, 0·02% en poids P, et le reste, Ni, point de fusion 982–1038°C) et l’on a fabriqué deux échantillons. D’un côté, on a stimulé les réactions interfaciales (chimiques) lors du brasage à l’interconnexion NiO–YSZ/acier inoxydable 316 uniquement par addition d’un revêtement autocatalytique de nickel au composite NiO/YSZ, les variables pertinentes du procédé et les procédures étant optimisées lors du dépôt autocatalytique de nickel. D’un autre côté, lors du brasage, on a appliqué une charge modérée, normale à la surface du joint, où l’on avait auparavant déposé le nickel autocatalytique, pour améliorer le scellement interfacial de la structure de l’interconnexion de l’anode cermet NiO–YSZ/acier inoxydable 316 pour utilisation dans une SOFC (pile à combustible à oxyde solide). On a créé un montage spécifique pour charge statique pour que les rubans d’alliage de métal d’apport soient préplacés à la surface du joint où la charge statique était appliquée perpendiculaire à celui‐ci pour promouvoir la formation d’une couche d’alliage liquide lors du brasage. On a effectué le brasage dans un four à vide à paroi froide à 1080°C et, après le brasage, on a examiné les morphologies interfaciales entre le composite NiO–YSZ et l’acier inoxydable 316 en utilisant les analyses de SEM et d’EDS. Les résultats indiquent que l’alliage d’apport de brasage B‐Ni3 était complètement fusionné lors du brasage et la formation d’une couche interfaciale, continue, ainsi que l’intégrité du joint étaient affectées significativement par la charge statique appliquée lors du brasage. La charge a fort probablement contribué à la promotion de la formation de la phase liquide de B‐Ni3 dans le joint. Cependant, l’épaisseur de la région d’interface demeurait presque la même à 100 μm pour les joints avec ou sans charge.

The present research was supported by Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea under the Hydrogen Energy R&D Center (21st Century Frontier R&D Programs). Lastly, thanks are also due to the reviewers for their knowledgeable and stimulating comments.

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