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Articles

The 9th-century West Porch of St Mary's Church, Deerhurst, Gloucestershire: Form and Function

Pages 35-93 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

A fresh account of the evidence for the Anglo-Saxon W porch at St Mary's Church, Deerhurst, with special reference to the elaborate second-floor chapel, suggests (contrary to recent opinion) that the walls of this high-level chapel are of one build with the W wall of the nave. A series of blocked sockets around three sides of the porch and in the W wall of the nave formerly held a complex series of interlocking beams, which supported an internal floor and extended externally to form a projecting walkway round three sides of the porch. This timber arrangement not only adds to our knowledge of Anglo-Saxon building techniques, but is also the only unambiguous example of such a structure between late Antiquity and the central Middle Ages. The surviving walkway at St Peter, Beho (Belgium) and the evidence of various manuscript illustrations, most notably a 10th-century Spanish depiction of a tower with a projecting walkway, offer parallels; ultimately these derive from classical precedents. The extension of the walkway round the porch at Deerhurst implies liturgical ceremonies of some complexity. At Beho a priest displayed relics from the walkway in the 18th century; the display of relics was probably also the principal function of the Deerhurst walkway.

A fresh account of the evidence for the Anglo-Saxon W porch at St Mary's Church, Deerhurst, with special reference to the elaborate second-floor chapel, suggests (contrary to recent opinion) that the walls of this high-level chapel are of one build with the W wall of the nave. A series of blocked sockets around three sides of the porch and in the W wall of the nave formerly held a complex series of interlocking beams, which supported an internal floor and extended externally to form a projecting walkway round three sides of the porch. This timber arrangement not only adds to our knowledge of Anglo-Saxon building techniques, but is also the only unambiguous example of such a structure between late Antiquity and the central Middle Ages. The surviving walkway at St Peter, Beho (Belgium) and the evidence of various manuscript illustrations, most notably a 10th-century Spanish depiction of a tower with a projecting walkway, offer parallels; ultimately these derive from classical precedents. The extension of the walkway round the porch at Deerhurst implies liturgical ceremonies of some complexity. At Beho a priest displayed relics from the walkway in the 18th century; the display of relics was probably also the principal function of the Deerhurst walkway.

Le porche occidental du IXe siècle de l'église St Mary de Deerhurst, Gloucestershire: forme et fonction

Une nouvelle interprétation des éléments du porche occidental anglo-saxon de l'église St Mary de Deerhurst, accordant une mention spéciale à la chapelle élaborée du deuxième étage, suggère (contrairement à ce que l'on pensait encore récemment) que les murs de cette chapelle haute ont été construits d'un seul tenant avec le mur occidental de la nef. Une série de trous bouchés dans trois côtés du porche et dans le mur occidental de la nef accueillaient autrefois un assemblage complexe de poutres emboîtées, lequel soutenait un plancher interne et s'étendait à l'extérieur pour former une galerie saillante sur trois côtés du porche. Non seulement cet agencement en bois nous renseigne sur les techniques de construction anglo-saxonnes, mais il s'agit également du seul exemple non équivoque d'une structure de ce type entre la fin de l'Antiquité et le milieu du Moyen Âge. La galerie qui a survécu à l'église Saint-Pierre de Beho (Belgique) et les témoignages apportés par diverses illustrations de manuscrits, en particulier une représentation espagnole du Xe siècle d'une tour dotée d'une galerie saillante, permettent d'établir des parallèles, bien qu'ils dérivent tous en fin de compte de précédents classiques. La présence de la galerie autour du porche à Deerhurst implique des cérémonies liturgiques d'une certaine complexité. À Beho, un prêtre exposait des reliques du haut de la galerie au XVIIIe siècle et il est probable que l'ostension des reliques était aussi la principale fonction de la galerie de Deerhurst.

Der westliche Vorbau aus dem 9. Jahrhundert an der St Mary's Church, Deerhurst, Gloucestershire: Form und Funktion

Eine neue Begutachtung der Sachlage beim angelsächsischen Westvorbau an St Mary's Church, Deerhurst mit besonderem Bezug auf die kunstvolle Kapelle im zweiten Geschoss legt nahe (im Gegensatz zu kürzlich geäußerten Meinungen), dass die Wände dieser hochgelegenen Kapelle gleichzeitig mit der Westmauer des Kirchenschiffs entstanden sind. Eine Reihe verfüllter Balkenlöcher an drei Seiten des Vorbaus und in der Westmauer des Kirchenschiffs hielten früher eine komplexe und verschränkte Konstruktion, die einen inneren Boden stützten und nach außen hin so verlängert waren, dass sie einen vorspringenden Gang um drei Seiten des Vorbaus bildeten. Diese Anordnung von Balken trägt nicht nur zu unserem Wissen über angelsächsische Bautechniken bei, sondern ist auch das einzige unzweifelhafte Beispiel eines solchen Gebäudes zwischen der Spätantike und dem Hochmittelalter. Der erhaltene Außengang an St. Peter in Beho (Belgien) und die Beweise verschiedener Manuskriptillustrationen, insbesondere einer spanischen Abbildung eines Turms mit einem vorkragenden Außengang aus dem 10. Jahrhundert, bieten Parallelen; letztlich lassen sich diese alle auf antike Vorbilder zurückführen. In Deerhurst lässt die Ausdehnung des Außengangs um den Vorbau auf liturgische Zeremonien von einiger Komplexität schließen. In Beho zeigte im 18. Jahrhundert ein Priester vom Außengang aus Reliquien; wahrscheinlich war die Weisung von Reliquien auch die Hauptfunktion des Außengangs in Deerhurst.

La loggia ovest del IX secolo della chiesa di St Mary a Deerhurst in Gloucestershire: struttura e funzione

Una nuova relazione sulle testimonianze emerse a riprova dell'origine anglosassone della loggia ovest della chiesa di St Mary a Deerhurst, con particolare riferimento all'elaborata cappella del secondo piano, mostra (contrariamente a quanto si credeva finora) come le pareti di questa cappella elevata fossero parti integranti della costruzione della parete ovest della navata. In origine una serie di fori di appoggio poi richiusi, disposti su tre lati della loggia e sulla parete ovest della navata, sosteneva una complessa struttura di travi incrociate che sorreggeva un pavimento interno e si prolungava all'esterno formando un passaggio aggettante sui tre lati della loggia. Questa struttura lignea non solo arricchisce le nostre conoscenze sulle tecniche di costruzione anglosassoni, ma è anche l'unico esempio inequivocabile di tale struttura nel periodo tra la tarda antichità e la metà del Medioevo. Il passaggio esterno tuttora esistente della chiesa di Saint Pierre a Beho, in Belgio, e le testimonianze delle illustrazioni di vari manoscritti, in particolare la raffigurazione spagnola del X secolo di una torre con passaggio esterno aggettante permettono di stabilire dei paralleli: in definitiva derivano tutti da precedenti classici. La presenza del passaggio esterno intorno alla loggia di Deerhurst implica cerimonie liturgiche di una certa complessità. Nel XVIII secolo un sacerdote esponeva le reliquie al pubblico dal passaggio esterno della loggia di Beho, ed è probabile che l'ostenzione delle reliquie fosse anche la funzione principale del passaggio esterno della loggia di Deerhurst.

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