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Articles

The Lewis Hoard of Gaming Pieces: A Re-examination of their Context, Meanings, Discovery and Manufacture

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Pages 155-203 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

Almost 180 years of scholarship on the Lewis chessmen have given us a solid foundation of understanding, primarily based upon their art-historical analysis. Taking a more interdisciplinary approach (combining elements of art history with archaeology and history), this paper focuses on some over-looked themes — primarily the archaeological, gaming and political contexts of the 12th- and 13th-century North Sea world — and some more familiar themes but in a new light. We suggest a more fluid composition and function of the gaming hoard, with at least four sets of chessmen from the same workshop conceivably made for use in Lewis, possibly in the early 13th century.

Almost 180 years of scholarship on the Lewis chessmen have given us a solid foundation of understanding, primarily based upon their art-historical analysis. Taking a more interdisciplinary approach (combining elements of art history with archaeology and history), this paper focuses on some over-looked themes — primarily the archaeological, gaming and political contexts of the 12th- and 13th-century North Sea world — and some more familiar themes but in a new light. We suggest a more fluid composition and function of the gaming hoard, with at least four sets of chessmen from the same workshop conceivably made for use in Lewis, possibly in the early 13th century.

Le trésor de pièces d'échecs de Lewis : un réexamen de leur fabrication, de leur contexte, de leur découverte et de leur signification

Les études menées depuis presque 180 ans sur les pièces de jeu d'échecs de Lewis ont posé des bases solides en la matière, surtout du point de vue de l'histoire de l'art. En adoptant une approche plus interdisciplinaire (qui associe des éléments d'histoire de l'art à l'archéologie et à l'histoire), cet article s'intéresse à certains thèmes négligés, en particulier les contextes archéologique, politique et du jeu dans le monde de la mer du Nord aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles, et revisite d'autres thèmes plus fréquentés. Nous suggérons une composition et une fonction plus fluides du trésor de pièces d'échecs, avec au moins quatre jeux de pièces d'échecs provenant du même atelier et pouvant avoir été destinés à l'île de Lewis, peut-être au début du XIIIe siècle.

Der Hort von Spielfiguren auf Lewis: Eine Neuuntersuchung ihrer Herstellung, ihres Kontexts, ihrer Entdeckung und Bedeutung

Beinahe 180 Jahre Forschung zu den Lewis-Schachfiguren hat uns eine solide Grundlage für ihr Verständnis gegeben, das hauptsächlich auf einer kunsthistorischen Analyse beruht. Mit einem eher interdisziplinären Ansatz (einer Kombination von Elementen aus der Kunstgeschichte, Archäologie und Geschichtswissenschaft) konzentriert sich diese Arbeit auf einige Themen, die bisher übergangen wurden – hauptsächlich den archäologischen, spieltechnischen und politischen Kontext der Welt um die Nordsee um das 12. und 13. Jahrhundert —, und auf einige vertrautere Themen, die jedoch hier neu beleuchtet werden. Wir schlagen eine flexiblere Zusammensetzung und Funktion dieses Horts von Spielfiguren vor, wobei man sich vorstellen könnte, dass in der gleichen Werkstatt im frühen 13. Jahrhundert mindestens vier Sätze von Schachfiguren für den Gebrauch in Lewis hergestellt wurden.

I pezzi degli scacchi rinvenuti in massa sull'isola di Lewis: un riesame della fattura, del contesto, della scoperta e del significato

I quasi 180 anni di studi sui pezzi degli scacchi dell'isola di Lewis hanno fornito solide basi di conoscenza soprattutto dal punto di vista della storia dell'arte. Adottando un approccio più interdisciplinare (associando elementi di storia dell'arte con l'archeologia e con la storia) questo studio concentra la sua attenzione su alcuni temi in precedenza trascurati, particolarmente quelli dei contesti archeologico, politico e ludico nel mondo del Mare del Nord nel XII e XIII secolo, e considera altri temi più noti in una nuova prospettiva. Gli autori sostengono che la composizione, oltre che la funzione, dell'ammasso di pezzi è più variata, e che almeno quattro set di pezzi, forse fatti per essere usati su Lewis e che potrebbero risalire agli inizi del XIII secolo, provengono dalla stessa fabbrica.

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