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Governing New France from the Château Saint-Louis

Fort Saint-Louis and other 17th-century fortification works discovered recently in Québec City

Pages 140-155 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

Recent excavations in Québec City have greatly enriched our knowledge of the location, character and likely ordnance of its sequence of 17th-century fortifications. Champlain's first simple defence of the Habitation in Lower Town (1608–24) was intended primarily to protect the population against the Iroquois. The increasing scale and sophistication of his two successive Forts Saint-Louis on the cliff top above it (1620–26 and 1626–35), followed by the third (1636–90) and fourth (1691–94) Forts Saint-Louis, reflect the development of defences capable of engaging in European siege warfare, notably with France's eternal enemy, England.

Recent excavations in Québec City have greatly enriched our knowledge of the location, character and likely ordnance of its sequence of 17th-century fortifications. Champlain's first simple defence of the Habitation in Lower Town (1608–24) was intended primarily to protect the population against the Iroquois. The increasing scale and sophistication of his two successive Forts Saint-Louis on the cliff top above it (1620–26 and 1626–35), followed by the third (1636–90) and fourth (1691–94) Forts Saint-Louis, reflect the development of defences capable of engaging in European siege warfare, notably with France's eternal enemy, England.

De récentes fouilles à Québec ont grandement enrichi notre connaissance de la localisation, du caractère et de la probable artillerie de la série des fortifications du XVIIe siècle. La première défense simple par Champlain de l'Habitation dans la basse ville (1608–24) était destinée dans un premier temps à protéger la population contre les Iroquois. L'échelle et la sophistication croissantes des deux forts Saint-Louis successifs sur le haut de la falaise (1620–26 et 1626–35), suivis par le troisième (1636–90) et le quatrième (1691–94) forts Saint-Louis, reflètent le développement des défenses capables d'engager une guerre de siège européen, en particulier avec l'ennemi éternel de la France, l'Angleterre.

Jüngste Ausgrabungen in der Stadt Quebec haben unsere Kenntnis von der Lage, dem Charakter und der mutmaßlich militärischen Ausrüstung einer Folge von Befestigungen aus dem 17. Jh. außerordentlich bereichert. Champlains erste einfache Befestigungsanlagen der Unterstadt (1608–24) waren vor allem dazu bestimmt, die Bevölkerung vor den Iroquois zu beschützen. Das wachsende Größenverhältnis und die Verfeinerung der zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Forts Saint Louis auf der darübergelegenen Klippe (1620–26 und 1626–35) der ein drittes (1636–90) und viertes (1691–94) Fort folgten, lassen auf die Weiterentwicklung der Verteidigungsanlagen für den Belagerungsfall, insbesondere gegen Frankreichs Erbfeind England, schließen.

I recenti scavi condotti nella città di Quebec hanno arricchito considerevolmente le nostre conoscenze circa l'ubicazione, la natura e il probabile materiale militare e la sua sequenza nelle fortificazioni di XVII secolo. Le prime semplici strutture difensive costruite da Champlain nell'abitato nella parte bassa della città (1608–24) avevano principalmente lo scopo di difendere la popolazione degli Irochesi. L'incremento in scala e complessità delle due successive realizzazioni di Fort Saint-Louis sulla sommità del promontorio sovrastante (1620–26 e 1626–35), seguite dalla terza (1636–90) e quarta (1691–94) edificazione di Fort Saint-Louis, riflettono lo sviluppo di strutture difensive capaci di impegnarsi in una guerra di assedio europea, specialmente contro l'eterno nemico della Francia, l'Inghilterra.

Las excavaciones arqueológicas que recientemente se han desarrollado en Quebec han enriquecido nuestro conocimiento sobre la situación, carácter y posible desarrollo de sus fortificaciones del siglo XVII. La primera defensa sencilla de Champlain en la Habitation en Cuidad Baja (1608–24) fue concebida principalmente para proteger a la población contra los iroqueses. El aumento en escala y sofisticación de ambos sucesivos fuertes Saint-Louis en lo alto del acantilado (1620–26 y 1626–35), fueron seguidos por un tercero (1636–90) y cuarto (1691–94), reflejando el desarrollo de defensas capaces de acometer campañas bélicas de tipo europeo, especialmente con Inglaterra, el enemigo eterno de Francia.

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