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Abstract
Four widely available polymers (20% Acryloid B-72 in toluene, 5% Acrysol WS-24 in distilled water, 20% Butvar B-98 in ethanol, and 20% Rhoplex AC-33 in isopropanol and acetone) were applied to archaeological human bone, both cortical and cancellous, in a test of their effectiveness as consolidants. Their penetration, drying time, and surface finish characteristics were evaluated after the solutions were applied by brushing and immersion techniques. Our results indicate that, of these solutions, 20% Butvar B-98 in ethanol is the most suitable for dry archaeological bone consolidation due to its instant penetration, brief drying period, and consistently matte and nonadhesive finishes on both cortical and cancellous bone. It has the additional advantages of being available in powder form, which facilitates overseas shipment and storage, and being soluble in several solvents. Different solvents and different dilutions can cause very different working properties and consolidation results, however, and further research is recommended.