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Abstract
Globalization has impacted not only modes of production, but also the idea of technology and the relationship between knowledge, technology, and enterprise as they took hold in Europe with the Industrial Revolution and developed over the following two centuries. Globalization has also influenced the idea of work as a product of the history of European culture. Only in Modernity has this idea been fully and positively recognized. But at precisely the moment in which the modern European workforce becomes a global model, and therefore a general model, it goes into crisis and is profoundly transformed. Within this transformation the subordinate relationship typical of work allows for more possibilities and more gradations of freedom, which, in turn, are necessary for the realization of worker creativity, autonomy, periodic re-training and flexibility that the workplace now requires. These new dimensions of freedom and education not only challenge the Fordist model of the twentieth century but also the twentieth century's idea of free time, which revolved around consumption and mass entertainment. However, since European culture has, since its origin, elaborated an idea of active and creative leisure, its rehabilitation and re-description seem to be equally necessary if the recognition of the transformations that have occurred in the workplace is to propose not only another idea of work, but of the person also.
Globalization has impacted not only modes of production, but also the idea of technology and the relationship between knowledge, technology, and enterprise as they took hold in Europe with the Industrial Revolution and developed over the following two centuries. Globalization has also influenced the idea of work as a product of the history of European culture. Only in Modernity has this idea been fully and positively recognized. But at precisely the moment in which the modern European workforce becomes a global model, and therefore a general model, it goes into crisis and is profoundly transformed. Within this transformation the subordinate relationship typical of work allows for more possibilities and more gradations of freedom, which, in turn, are necessary for the realization of worker creativity, autonomy, periodic re-training and flexibility that the workplace now requires. These new dimensions of freedom and education not only challenge the Fordist model of the twentieth century but also the twentieth century's idea of free time, which revolved around consumption and mass entertainment. However, since European culture has, since its origin, elaborated an idea of active and creative leisure, its rehabilitation and re-description seem to be equally necessary if the recognition of the transformations that have occurred in the workplace is to propose not only another idea of work, but of the person also.
I processi di globalizzazione non hanno solo globalizzato il modo di produzione, una certa idea di tecnologia, di rapporto tra conoscenza e tecnica, e di impresa affermatesi in Europa con la Rivoluzione industriale e svililuppatesi nei due secoli successivi, ma anche l'idea di lavoro risultata dalla storia della cultura europea. Un'idea che soltanto nella modernità è pervenuta ad un pieno e positivo riconoscimento. Ma proprio nel momento in cui il lavoro europeo moderno costituisce un modello globale esso, precisamente in connessione alla sua generalizzazione, conosce una crisi ed una profonda trasformazione, in cui il rapporto di subordinazione tipico del lavoro si apre a maggiori spazi e gradi di libertà indispensabili per la realizzazione della creatività, autonomia, responsabilità, autonomia, aggiornamento continuo e flessibilità che i processi produttivi richiedono. Questi nuovi gradi di libertà ed educazione che il lavoro richiede alla persona non mettono solo in crisi il lavoro fordista novecentesco, ma anche l'idea novecentesca di tempo libero, incentrata sul consumo ed il divertimento di massa. Ma la cultura europea ha sin dalle sue origini elaborato un'idea di ozio attivo e creativo la cui riabilitazione e ridescrizione appaiono altrettanto necessari del riconoscimento delle trasformazioni intervenute nel lavoro perché l'Europa sappia proporre non solo un'idea di lavoro, ma anche di persona.