70
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A Note on the Imaging of Lead White and Vermilion Paint Layers by Synchrotron Radiation-based, Simultaneous Dual Energy K-edge Absorption Radiography

Pages 159-169 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

An imaging method is discussed that allows for the differentiated imaging of lead white and vermilion in a painting. These noninvasive experiments were performed at the biomedical beamline ID17 of the Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble. This was done to gain a better understanding of original painting technique. In particular the use of vermilion and lead white for portrait painting is significant; the relevance is indicated for technical art history, as well as for problems of conservation. The method is demonstrated here in the study of a portrait by the 17th century master Carel Fabritius. Monochromatic synchrotron radiation beams were used to obtain quantitative images of different paint layers. The facilities allow for differentiation of pigments with elements greater than 20 keV. Two simultaneous images were acquired, each at two different energies, above and below the K-edges of lead and mercury. Logarithmic subtraction of the two images yields relevant distribution images. This technique is known as K-edge absorption radiography.

TÍTULO—Nota sobre a obtençao de imagem de camadas de pintura de branco de chumbo e pigmento vermelho por meio de radiografia de dupla absorçao simultanea de energia de raios-x na borda K baseada em radiaçao sincrotr onica

RESUMO—É examinado um método de obtençao de imagem que permita obtençao de imagem diferenciada de branco de chumbo e pigmento vermelho em uma pintura. Essas experiencias nao invasivas foram realizadas em uma Instalaçao de Radiaçao Sincrontr onica (ESRF) em Grenoble. Isso foi feito para obter uma melhor compreensao de técnica de pintura original. O uso do pigmento vermelho e do branco de chumbo é particularmente significativo para pintura de retratos. A relevancia é ressaltada para a'hist ória técnica da arte', bem como para problemas de conservaçao. Aqui, o métodoé demonstrado no estudo de um retrato do mestre do século XVII, Carel Fabritius. Feixes de radiaçao monocromática sincrotr onica no acelerador linear ID17 do ESFR foram usados para obter imagens quantitativas de diferentes camadas de pintura. Os recursos daquele acelerador linear permitem a diferenciaçao de pigmentos com elementos 20 keV. Duas imagens simultaneas foram obtidas, cada uma em duas energias diferentes, acima e abaixo das bordas K do Pb e Hg. A subtraçao logarítmica das duas imagens produz relevantes imagens de distribuiçao. Essa técnica é conhecida como radiografia de absorçao na borda-K.

An imaging method is discussed that allows for the differentiated imaging of lead white and vermilion in a painting. These noninvasive experiments were performed at the biomedical beamline ID17 of the Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble. This was done to gain a better understanding of original painting technique. In particular the use of vermilion and lead white for portrait painting is significant; the relevance is indicated for technical art history, as well as for problems of conservation. The method is demonstrated here in the study of a portrait by the 17th century master Carel Fabritius. Monochromatic synchrotron radiation beams were used to obtain quantitative images of different paint layers. The facilities allow for differentiation of pigments with elements greater than 20 keV. Two simultaneous images were acquired, each at two different energies, above and below the K-edges of lead and mercury. Logarithmic subtraction of the two images yields relevant distribution images. This technique is known as K-edge absorption radiography.

TITRE—Une note sur l'imagerie du blanc de plomb et du vermillon dans des couches de peintures par radiographie d'absorption simultanée à double énergie au seuil K, utilisant le rayonnement synchrotron

RÉSUMÉE—Cet article discute d'une méthode d'imagerie permettant de différencier le blanc de plomb et le vermillon dans un tableau. Ces tests/examens non-invasifs ont été réalisés á la ligne de lumiére ID17 de l'Installation européenne de rayonnement synchrotron (ESRF) à Grenoble. Le but était d'obtenir une meilleure compréhension des technique originales pour la peinture. L'utilisation du vermillon et du blanc de plomb pour peindre des portraits est particulìerement rŕpandue. Ceci est pertinent pour l'histoire des techniques artistiques, ainsi que pour des problrmes de conservation. La méthode est démontée ici à travers l'étude d'un portrait du dix-sepitème sèecle par Carel Fabritius, un maitre de Delft. Des faisceaux monochromatique issus d'un rayonnement synchrotron ont été utilisés pour obtenir des images quantitatives de difféerentes couches de peinture. L'utilisation de ces appareils permet la difféerentiation des pigments dont les éiéements sont plus grands que 20 keV. Deux images simultanées ont été acquises, chacune à deux énergies diférentes, au-dessus et en dessous des seuils d'absorption K du plomb et du mercure. Une soustraction logarithmique des deux images a produit une différentiation claire de la distribution de ces éléments. Cette technique est connue sous le nom de radiographie d'absorption au seuil K (K-edge).

TITULO—Una nota sobre la obtención de imágenes de capas de pintura a base de blanco de plomo y bermell ón con radiación de sincotrón, por medio de radiografia de absorci ón de borde K de energía dual simultánea

RESUMEN Se discute un méetodo de obtención de imágenes que permite la diferenciación entre imágenes con blanco de plomo y bermellón en un cuadro. Estos experimentos no invasivos fueron hechos en la Unidad de radiación de sincrotrón (ESRF) en Grenoble. El objetivo era entender mejor las técnicas originales de aplicación de la pintura. Específicamente es significante en retratos el uso de bermellón y de blanco de plomo. Esta importancia es notable para la historia del arte técnica, y para problemas de conservación. Este método es demostrado al estudiar un retrato del maestro del S XVII Carel Fabritius. Se utilizaron rayos de radiación monocromáticos de sincrotrón para obtener imágenes cuantitativas de las diferentes capas de pintura. Esto permitió diferenciar los elementos con 20 keV (voltios de kilo electrón). Se obtuvieron dos imágenes simultaneas, cada una a diferentes energías, por encima y por debajo de los bordes K para Pb (Plomo) y Hg (Mercurio). La sustracción logarítmica de las dos imágenes da como resultado imágenes de distribución relevantes. Esta técnica es conocida como radiografía de absorción del borde K.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.