Apparent strain method for analysis of steady-state metal-working operations

Abstract

A development of an energy method is presentedfor the analysis of the mechanics of steady-state metal-working operations which have friction at the boundaries. The method does not require the stress-strain curve to be idealized and therefore any metal-deformation process can be studied whatever the shape of the stress-strain curve. It allows the effects of process variables such as tool geometry, surface condition, and stress-strain data to be incorporated. Consequently, it enables the required externally appliedforces and torques to be determinedfor operations in which the plastic deformation induced is dependent on the shape of the stress-strain curve.