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Notes
1 BBC News ‘History brings tourists to Syria’, April 2008. Online at: <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7346100.stm> [accessed March 2014].
2 Exacerbated by the use of historic sites for military purposes: see UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova’s statement on 20 February 2014 online at: <http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1108> [accessed March 2014].
3 Numerous news articles, such as the excellent Robert Fisk ‘Aleppo's poor get caught in the crossfire of Syria's civil war’, Independent, Tuesday 4 March 2014. Online at <http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/robert-fisk-aleppos-poor-get-caught-in-the-crossfire-of-syrias-civil-war-8076945.html>; Charles Glass ‘Aleppo: How Syria Is Being Destroyed, The New York Review of Books, 20 December 2012, online at <http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/dec/20/aleppo-how-syria-being-destroyed/>; Rachel Davidson’s piece ‘5 Historical Monuments Have Been Destroyed Forever During Syria’s Civil War’, November 2013, online at: <http://www.policymic.com/articles/71193/5-breathtaking-monuments-have-been-destroyed-forever-during-syria-s-civil-war> [all accessed March 2014].
4 For example, see the Aljazeera coverage at <http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/07/201371310630457364.html> [accessed March 2014].
5 L. Beehner, ‘“It Is Our Soul”: The Destruction of Aleppo, Syria's Oldest City’, The Atlantic, 4 October 2012. Online at <http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/it-is-our-soul-the-destruction-of-aleppo-syrias-oldest-city/263255/> [accessed March 2014].
6 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. Available at <http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13637&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html>. The First Protocol was adopted in 1954 (<http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15391&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html>, while the Second Protocol was introduced in 1999 (<http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15207&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html> and came into force in 2004. [All accessed March 2014].
7 The Blue Shield organization: <http://www.ancbs.org/cms/index.php/en/home> [accessed March 2014].
8 Blue Shield statement on Syria: see <http://www.ancbs.org/cms/images/17-05-2011_blueshield_pressrelease_syria_en.pdf> [accessed March 2014].
9 Heritage for Peace (a Spanish NGO) and the UK National Committee of the Blue Shield: issued 4 July 2013 <http://www.ancbs.org/cms/images/H4P_aleppo_press_release_final_edit_4_July_2013.pdf> [accessed March 2014].
10 For the background to this, see <http://www.icomos.org/en/what-we-do/disseminating-knowledge/newsletters/704-icomos-debate-on-permissibility-and-standards-for-reconstructions-of-monuments-and-sites-online-survey> [accessed March 2014].
11 Emergency Red List of Syrian Cultural Objects at Risk. September 2013. See <http://icom.museum/resources/red-lists-database/red-list/syria/> [accessed March 2014].
12 See <http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/illicit-traffic-of-cultural-property/emergency-actions/syria/> [accessed March 2014].
13 For example, see the UN News Centre report online at: <http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/story.asp?NewsID=47085&Cr=syria&Cr1=#.UxYuiIW9cic> [accessed March 2014].
14 For example, see Jocelyne Zablit’s piece ‘Experts Sound Alarm: Looters Tear Up Syria Archeological Treasures’ in Middle East Online, May 2012 at: <http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=51591>; and, more recently, Megan Gannon’s ‘Widespread Damage to Syria’s Ruins Seen from Space’, LiveScience, January 2014 at: <http://www.livescience.com/42670-syrian-war-satellite-images-archaeology.html> [both accessed March 2014].
15 See the Trafficking Culture report in April 2012 ‘Looting at Apamea recorded via Google Earth’ online at: <http://traffickingculture.org/data/looting-at-apamea-recorded-via-google-earth/> [accessed March 2014].