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Abstract
Aerobic organisms have developed defensive systems to survive in the presence of oxygen and its highly reactive species (ROS). The cellular mechanisms of protection against oxidative injury include: (i) specific enzymes, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase; (ii) small hydrophilic molecules, such as ascorbate, glutathione and uric acid; and (iii) hydrophobic agents, such as ubiquinone and α-tocopherol in membranes.1 Among these, coenzyme Q (CoQ) is the only lipid-soluble antioxidant that can be synthesized in all organisms so far studied.