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Abstract
Objectives: Salivary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS) are increased in various diseases. Little data exist for these markers in the healthy population. The aim of this study was to assess the inter-individual and intra-individual variability of AGEs, AOPP, TAC, and FRAS in the saliva of young healthy individuals.
Methods: Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 16 females and 18 males daily over a period of 30 days. Markers were measured using spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric microplate-based methods.
Results: All salivary markers measured were significantly higher in men than in women (P < 0.05 for AGEs; P < 0.001 for AOPP, TAC, and FRAS). The inter-individual variability was approximately 60% for AGEs and AOPP and 30–40% for TAC and FRAS in both genders. The inter-individual variability of FRAS was higher in men vs. women (P < 0.01). Intra-individual variability ranged from 20% for TAC, to 30% for AGES and FRAS and 45% for AOPP.
Discussion: Intra-individual variability of salivary AGEs, AOPP, TAC, and FRAS indicates that their use is currently limited to large cohort studies. Identifying the underlying factors related to the high inter-individual and intra-individual variability is needed. Sex differences should be considered in future studies.
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Contributors IL measured the samples, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. LT measured the samples, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. JH designed the study, collected the samples and corrected the manuscript. MB collected the samples. PC designed the study, analyzed the data and critically reviewed the manuscript.
Funding This publication is the result of the implementation of the project University Science Park of Comenius University in Bratislava (ITMS 26240220086) supported by the Research and Development Operational Programme funded by the European Regional Development Fund.
Conflicts of interest None.
Ethics approval The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.