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Human Rights

Reflexiones críticas acerca de los derechos humanos: Contribuciones desde la terapia ocupacional Latinoamericana

Critical Reflections on human rights: Contributions from the Latin American Occupational Therapy

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Abstract

La experiencia de terapeutas ocupacionales en el tema de las violaciones a los derechos humanos en Latino América se hace presente desde los años 1960, cuando varios de sus países quedan sometidos a dictaduras cívico-militares. Con la redemocratización de sus sociedades desde los años 1980, prácticas de terapia ocupacional empiezan a ser desarrolladas para favorecer el proceso de emancipación de la población vulnerable y/o reprimida políticamente de modo que puedan conquistar su ciudadanía. Sin embargo, hay discursos y prácticas contradictorias de derechos humanos cuyas tensiones necesitan ser comprendidas para que las acciones de la terapia ocupacional sean verdaderamente emancipadoras. Este artículo intenta presentar y discutir algunas concepciones de derechos humanos y reflexionar acerca de la mirada crítica en terapia ocupacional. Proponemos una lectura teórica-reflexiva desde un análisis de la producción sociológica de derechos humanos y de las elaboraciones latinoamericanas acerca de la constitución de una terapia ocupacional crítica.

The experience of occupational therapists with violations of human rights in Latin America became more intense since the 1960s, when their countries fell under civic military dictatorships. With the democratization of their societies since the 1980s, occupational therapy practices started to be developed to facilitate the process of empowerment of vulnerable and / or politically repressed populations so they could attain their citizenship. However, there are conflicting discourses and practices of human rights whose tensions need to be understood so that occupational therapy practice may become truly emancipatory. This article attempts to present and discuss the different concepts of human rights and reflect on the critical perspective in occupational therapy. It is a theoretical and reflexive work based on a sociological analysis on human rights and on Latin American critical occupational therapy.

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