Improved diagnostic value of a TCD-based non-invasive ICP measurement method compared with the sonographic ONSD method for detecting elevated intracranial pressure

Abstract

Objectives:

To compare the diagnostic reliability of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) ultrasonography with a transcranial Doppler (TCD)-based absolute intracranial pressure (ICP) value measurement method for detection of elevated ICP in neurological patients. The ONSD method has been only tested previously on neurosurgical patients.

Methods:

A prospective clinical study of a non-invasive ICP estimation method based on ONSD correlation with ICP and an absolute ICP value measurement method based on a two-depth TCD technology has recruited 108 neurological patients. Ninety-two of these patients have been enrolled in the final analysis of the diagnostic reliability of ONSD ultrasonography and 85 patients using the absolute ICP value measurement method. All non-invasive ICP measurements were compared with ‘Gold Standard’ invasive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure measurements obtained by lumbar puncture. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis has been used to investigate the diagnostic value of these two methods.

Results:

The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the ONSD method for detecting elevated intracranial pressure (ICP >14·7 mmHg) were calculated using a cutoff point of ONSD at 5·0 mm and found to be 37·0%, 58·5%, and 0·57, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for the non-invasive absolute ICP measurement method were calculated at the same ICP cutoff point of 14·7 mmHg and were determined to be 68·0%, 84·3%, and 0·87, respectively.

Conclusions:

The non-invasive ICP measurement method based on two-depth TCD technology has a better diagnostic reliability on neurological patients than the ONSD method when expressed by the sensitivity and specificity for detecting elevated ICP >14·7 mmHg.

Keywords:

• Absolute intracranial pressure
• Diagnostic reliability
• Doppler technology
• Non-invasive measurement
• Optic nerve sheath diameter

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the European Commission‘s Seventh Framework Programme projects: ‘BrainSafe’ (grant no. 232545) and ‘TBIcare’ (grant no. 270259). We also would like to express gratitude to the neurological patients who participated in this study.