Neurological Research

A Journal of Progress in Neurosurgery, Neurology and Neurosciences

Volume 37, 2015 - Issue 8

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Original Research Papers

Treadmill exercise is associated with reduction of reactive microgliosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus of type 2 diabetic rats

Dae Young YooDepartment of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Junghyun ChaeSeocho High School, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Hyo Young JungDepartment of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Hee Sun YimDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyResearch Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea

Jong Whi KimDepartment of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Sung Min NamDepartment of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Dae Won KimDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyResearch Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea

Jung Hoon ChoiDepartment of AnatomyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea

Je Kyung SeongDepartment of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Yeo Sung YoonDepartment of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

In Koo HwangDepartment of Anatomy and Cell BiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaCorrespondence[email protected]

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Abstract

Objectives:

In the present study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on microglial activation and the subsequent release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1-beta in the hippocampus in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.

Methods:

At 30 weeks of age, diabetic (Zucker diabetic fatty, ZDF) rats and their littermate control (Zucker lean control, ZLC) rats were either placed on a stationary treadmill or made to run for 1 hour/day at 12–16 m/minute on five consecutive days, for 10 weeks. Once the rats reached 40 weeks, they were perfused and their hippocampus collected for immunohistochemistry or hippocampus collected fresh for the Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:

The whole blood glucose levels in exercised ZDF rats were significantly higher than in the sedentary or exercised ZLC rats, but were significantly lower than in the sedentary ZDF rats. In the sedentary ZLC and exercised ZLC rats, ionised calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunoreactive microglia showed normal morphology which had small cytoplasm with ramified processes. In the sedentary ZDF rats, some Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia showed abnormal morphology which had hypertrophied cytoplasm with retracted processes. However, exercised ZDF rats had small cytoplasm with highly ramified processes. Levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta in the hippocampal homogenates were significantly increased in sedentary ZDF rats compared to sedentary ZLC rats, respectively. However, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta levels in the exercised ZDF rats were significantly decreased compared with those of sedentary ZDF rats, respectively.

Discussion:

These results suggest that exercise in type 2 diabetic rats reduces microglial activation and the subsequent increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus.

Keywords:

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Treadmill exercise is associated with reduction of reactive microgliosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus of type 2 diabetic rats

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Treadmill exercise is associated with reduction of reactive microgliosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus of type 2 diabetic rats

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