Densification as an exothermic process revealed by rapid high temperature consolidation of BaTiO₃ nanopowder

D. LiDepartment of Materials and Environmental ChemistryArrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91Stockholm, Sweden;Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Stockholm University, S-106 91Stockholm, Sweden

J.-F. HuDepartment of Materials and Environmental ChemistryArrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91Stockholm, Sweden;Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Stockholm University, S-106 91Stockholm, Sweden

J.-Z. ZhangDepartment of Materials and Environmental ChemistryArrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91Stockholm, Sweden;Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Stockholm University, S-106 91Stockholm, Sweden;College of Materials and Mineral Resources Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055 Xi'an, China

J. MaDepartment of Materials and Environmental ChemistryArrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91Stockholm, Sweden;Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua University, 100084Beijing, China

Z. ShenDepartment of Materials and Environmental ChemistryArrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91Stockholm, Sweden;Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Stockholm University, S-106 91Stockholm, SwedenCorrespondence[email protected]

Abstract

Densification is an exothermic process according to the classical sintering theories; however, it has never been explored experimentally. In the present work, such heat release was successfully detected from nanosized BaTiO₃ nanopowder compact, which was rapidly consolidated by spark plasma sintering. A reduction of total power consumption was observed immediately when rapid densification occurred. The effects of the deviation of overall electric resistance on total power consumption were analysed. The temperature at which a falling inflection point of the power supply was observed can be used as an indicator of the minimum temperature required for densification. This would be of help for defining the ‘kinetic window’ for processing of nanoceramics in sintering practice.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by European Commission through the Marie-Curie ITN project ‘FUnctional Nitrides for Energy Applications, FUNEA’ (FP7-PITN-GA-2010-264873) and Berzelii Center EXSELENT. The authors appreciate the fruitful discussions with Mats Nygren, Zhaohui Ren, Jing Zhao and Ji Zou.

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Densification as an exothermic process revealed by rapid high temperature consolidation of BaTiO₃ nanopowder

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Densification as an exothermic process revealed by rapid high temperature consolidation of BaTiO3 nanopowder

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Densification as an exothermic process revealed by rapid high temperature consolidation of BaTiO₃ nanopowder