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Articles

Coastal defence systems in Arrábida, Portugal, during the early modern era: power and landscape

Pages 291-306 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

The 16th and 17th centuries saw the transformation of the Portuguese early warning system of coastal watchtowers built under local initiative, into one characterized by fortifications built instead by the Crown. These changes are usually explained as a means of defending the coast more efficiently against external attacks by pirates or enemy states. It is suggested in this article that the changes were more complex. By using a landscape approach emphasizing context and power relations, it is argued that the coastal defence system was instead principally a tool of the Portuguese Crown's internal attempts to centralize its territory.

Os séculos XVI e XVII viram a transformação do tradicional sistema de alarme de torres de vigia costeira construídas por iniciativa local, num caracterizado, ao invés, por fortificações construídas pela Coroa. Estas mudanças são geralmente explicadas como uma forma de defesa mais eficaz da costa contra ataques de piratas ou estados inimigos. Neste artigo sugere-se que essas mudanças eram mais complexas. Usando uma perspective de paisagem enfatizando contexto e relações de poder, argumenta-se que o sistema de defesa costeira foi sobretudo uma ferramenta ao serviço da Coroa portuguesa com o intuito de centralizar o território.

The 16th and 17th centuries saw the transformation of the Portuguese early warning system of coastal watchtowers built under local initiative, into one characterized by fortifications built instead by the Crown. These changes are usually explained as a means of defending the coast more efficiently against external attacks by pirates or enemy states. It is suggested in this article that the changes were more complex. By using a landscape approach emphasizing context and power relations, it is argued that the coastal defence system was instead principally a tool of the Portuguese Crown's internal attempts to centralize its territory.

Les XVI e et XVII e siècles ont vu la transformation du premier système d'avertissement portugais des tours de guet côtières construites sous l'initiative locale, en un système caractérisé par des fortifications plutôt construites par la Couronne. Ces changements sont généralement interprétés comme un moyen de défense contre les attaques extérieures des pirates ou des états ennemis. Cet article suggère qu'une réalité plus complexe pour ces changements. En utilisant l'approche du paysage qui met en valeur le contexte et les relations de pouvoir, on peut démontrer que le système de défense côtier était en fait principalement un instrument qui visait à centraliser le territoire de la Couronne portugaise.

Das 16. und 17. Jahrhundert erlebte die Umwandlung des frühen portugiesischen Warnsystems der Küstenwachtürme, die aus lokaler Initiative heraus entstanden waren, in solche Befestigungsanlagen gekennzeichnet als königliche Bauten. Solche Bauten wurden allgemein als ein Mittel erklärt, Angriffe von außerhalb durch Piraten und Staatsfeinde zu verteidigen. Dieser Artikel weist darauf hin, daß die Veränderungen einen komplexeren Grund hatten. Eine Annäherung aus landschaftlicher Sicht betrachtet im Zusammenhang mit Machtverhältnissen behauptet, daß die Küstenbewachung der portugiesischen Krone hauptsächlich als Werkzeug diente, innerterritorial das Hoheitsgebiet zu zentralisieren.

Durante il XVI e il XVII secolo si assiste alla trasformazione del primo sistema di difesa, costituito da torri di avvistamento costiere costruite per iniziativa locale, in un nuovo sistema difensivo caratterizzato da fortificazioni costruite dalla Corona. Questi cambiamenti sono generalmente spiegati con la necessità di difendersi da attacchi esterni da parte di pirati o di nemici dello stato. Questo contributo suggerisce come i cambiamenti siano stati più complessi. Partendo da un approccio paesaggistico che enfatizza il contesto e le relazioni fra poteri, viene argomentato come il sistema di difese costiere fosse invece principalmente uno strumento per i tentativi interni della corona portoghese di centralizzare il suo territorio.

El sistema de alerta temprana portuguesa de torres de vigilancia costera construida por iniciativas locales se transformó durante los siglos XVI y XVII en un sistema de fortificaciones construidas por la Corona. Estos cambios suelen ser explicados como un medio de defensa contra ataques externos de piratas o estados enemigos. Se sugiere en este artículo que los cambios fueron mucho más complejos. Desde una perspectiva del paisaje, enfatizando las relaciones contexto y el poder, se argumenta que el sistema de defensa costera fue principalmente una herramienta de la Corona portuguesa para intentar centralizar su territorio.

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