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Articles

St Mary's Guildhall, Boston, Lincolnshire: The Archaeology of a Medieval 'Public' Building

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Pages 226-256 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

Historic Building Investigations and selective excavations carried out during recent conservation works have shed new light on St Mary's Guildhall, Boston (Lincolnshire), built by an internationally significant religious fraternity in one of the most important ports of medieval England. Dendrochronological dating of the guildhall indicates a construction date of c 1390. This is significantly earlier than had previously been supposed and suggests a close link between the construction of the guildhall and the grant of a royal licence of incorporation to the guild in 1392. It makes the guildhall one of the earliest securely dated brick buildings in Lincolnshire and is important evidence of investment during a period when Boston was experiencing severe economic decline. Multidisciplinary analysis of the archaeology of the building and some of the guild's surviving documentary records enables a reconstruction of the original form and function of the guildhall and its now-lost material culture. Comparative analysis of Boston with other surviving provincial guildhalls begins to shed light on the emergence of a distinctive type of public architecture in pre-modern England.

Historic Building Investigations and selective excavations carried out during recent conservation works have shed new light on St Mary's Guildhall, Boston (Lincolnshire), built by an internationally significant religious fraternity in one of the most important ports of medieval England. Dendrochronological dating of the guildhall indicates a construction date of c 1390. This is significantly earlier than had previously been supposed and suggests a close link between the construction of the guildhall and the grant of a royal licence of incorporation to the guild in 1392. It makes the guildhall one of the earliest securely dated brick buildings in Lincolnshire and is important evidence of investment during a period when Boston was experiencing severe economic decline. Multidisciplinary analysis of the archaeology of the building and some of the guild's surviving documentary records enables a reconstruction of the original form and function of the guildhall and its now-lost material culture. Comparative analysis of Boston with other surviving provincial guildhalls begins to shed light on the emergence of a distinctive type of public architecture in pre-modern England.

St Mary's Guildhall, Boston (Lincolnshire): l'archéologie d'un bâtiment « public » médiéval

Les analyses de bâtiments historiques et les fouilles sélectives réalisées pendant les récents travaux de conservation ont révélé de nouvelles informations sur la maison des corporations de St Mary, à Boston (Lincolnshire), qui a été bâtie par une importante fraternité religieuse dans l'un des ports les plus importants de l'Angleterre médiévale. La datation dendrochronologique de la maison des corporations indique qu'elle a été construite en 1390 environ. Elle est donc significativement plus ancienne qu'on le pensait, et cette date suggère un lien direct avec la délivrance d'une licence royale d'incorporation à la guilde en 1392. C'est donc l'un des bâtiments en briques les plus anciens du Lincolnshire, dont la date de construction a été vérifiée, et c'est une preuve importante des investissements réalisés à une époque où Boston était en proie à un déclin économique inexorable. Une analyse multidisciplinaire de l'archéologie du bâtiment et de certaines des archives de la guilde qui ont survécu permet de déduire sa structure et sa fonction d'origine, ainsi que sa culture matérielle maintenant disparue. Une analyse comparative de Boston avec d'autres maisons des corporations provinciales commence à révéler l'émergence d'une forme d'architecture publique distinctive dans l'Angleterre prémoderne.

St Mary's Guildhall, Boston (Lincolnshire): Die Archäologie eines mittelalterlichen “öffentlichen” Gebäudes

Die Untersuchungen historischer Bausubstanz und selektive Ausgrabungen, die während der kürzlich erfolgten Renovierungsarbeiten durchgeführt wurden, werfen neues Licht auf die St Mary's Guildhall, Boston (Lincolnshire), die von einer international bedeutenden Ordensbruderschaft in einer der wichtigsten Hafenstädte des mittelalterlichen England erbaut wurde. Die dendrochronologische Datierung dieser Gildehalle weist auf ein Baudatum von ca. 1390 hin. Dies ist erheblich früher als bisher angenommen und lässt auf eine enge Verbindung zwischen dem Bau der Gildehalle und der Gewährung einer königlichen Genehmigung für die Gründung der Gilde im Jahre 1392 schließen. Dann wäre die Gildehalle eines der frühesten sicher datierten Ziegelsteingebäude in Lincolnshire und ein wichtiger Beweis für Investitionen während einer Zeit, in der Boston einen starken wirtschaftlichen Niedergang erlebte. Multidisziplinäre Analyse der Archäologie des Gebäudes und einiger überlieferter Dokumente der Zunft ermöglicht eine Rekonstruktion der ursprünglichen Form und Funktion der Gildehalle und ihrer heute verlorenen materiellen Kultur. Vergleiche von Boston mit anderen erhaltenen provinziellen Gildehallen werfen allmählich mehr Licht auf das Aufkommen eines unverwechselbaren Typus einer öffentlichen Architektur im vormodernen England.

St Mary's Guildhall, Boston (Lincolnshire): l'archeologia di un edificio

Indagini sugli edifici storici e scavi selettivi condotti durante recenti lavori di conservazione hanno gettato nuova luce su St Mary's Guildhall (il palazzo di una gilda) a Boston (Lincolnshire), costruito da una confraternita di importanza internazionale in uno dei porti più importanti dell'Inghilterra medievale. La datazione con il metodo dendrocronologico indica nel 1390 circa la data di costruzione. Si tratta di una data notevolmente anteriore a quella che si supponeva in precedenza e indica uno stretto legame tra la costruzione dell'edificio e la concessione dell'autorizzazione reale alla costituzione di una gilda, avvenuta nel 1392. Il palazzo della gilda di St Mary è quindi uno dei più antichi edifici in mattoni del Lincolnshire ad avere una datazione certa e costituisce una testimonianza importante degli investimenti attuati quando Boston attraversava un periodo di grave declino economico. L'analisi multidisciplinare dell'archeologia dell'edificio e alcuni documenti superstiti della gilda permettono di ricostruire la forma e la funzione originarie dell'edificio e della sua cultura materiale ora andata perduta. Grazie all'analisi comparativa del palazzo della gilda di Boston con altri palazzi provinciali analoghi superstiti, si inizia a far luce sulla comparsa di un tipo particolare di edificio pubblico nell'Inghilterra premoderna.

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