Role of thermal, mechanical and oxidising treatment on structure and chemistry of carbon black and its impact on wear and friction: Part 2 – Boundary lubrication condition

Abstract

Mineral oil formulations with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) and dispersant (poly isobutylene succinimide ashless dispersant or ‘PIBSA’) and fully formulated oils with and without carbon black were subjected to thermal and mechanical treatment and tribologically tested on TE 77 (high frequency reciprocating rig or ‘HFRR’) machine to examine the frictional performance during the test. These results were compared to oils without carbon black and oils with diesel soot. Results indicate that oils with just ZDDP and dispersant had the highest friction that remains constant for the duration of the test while oils with carbon black in the milled and oxidised condition had the lowest coefficient of friction and the smallest surface roughness in the tribofilm. The mechanism of wear with treated carbon black and diesel soot was found to be polishing wear as evidenced by the scanning probe microscopy images of the tribofilms. Tribofilms were analysed with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and it was seen that oils without carbon black or even with untreated carbon black had sulphates at the surface, while the oils with carbon black that were treated had a higher proportion of sulphides. A combination of both FeS and ZnS was found in the tribofilms along with short chain phosphates of Zn.

Keywords:

• Soot
• Diesel lubrication
• Friction
• Wear
• XANES
• TEM

Acknowledgements

The XANES experiments were performed at the Canadian Light Source, which is supported by NSERC, NRC, CIHR and the University of Saskatchewan. HFRR tests were conducted at University of Saskatchewan. Assitance provided by Dr J. C. Jiang at University of Texas at Arlington and Dr Yongfeng Hu at Canadian Light Source is gratefully acknowledged.