Quality of life and social inclusion across the lifespan: challenges and recommendations

Abstract

Objectives:

The concepts quality of life (QOL) and social inclusion (SI) have developed somewhat in parallel but to a considerable degree independently over the last few decades. Each has assets and limitations in terms of comprehensive policy and principles. The article introduces the history of these concepts and compares them in terms of policy and application along with recommendations for research and practice.

Results:

Terms have not been clearly defined particularly in the area of SI and this was also an initial concern with the development of QOL. The principles and concepts in both areas can enrich one another highlighting concerns in practice, policy, and research. Some of the concepts appear contradictory at times and a ‘mission’ approach in application can lead to imbalance in effective decision making.

Conclusions:

Understanding of the changes in diagnosis and prevalence in intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) is important along with the social implications for the individual and the family, particularly in relation to inclusion in community living. A clearer understanding of the practical aspects of exclusion and necessary balancing between basic family needs and those of the individual with IDD are required in policy and application. The need for more focused understanding of QOL and SI is discussed in relation to greater application of these areas.

Keywords:

• community
• intellectual and developmental disabilities
• quality of life
• policy development
• social inclusion