Increased bioavailability of primaquine using poly(ethylene oxide) matrix extended-release tablets administered to beagle dogs

Abstract

Primaquine (PQ) is used for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria and can cause serious side effects in some individuals. The development of an extended-release dosage with poly(ethylene oxide) as a hydrophilic polymer has been investigated to improve drug efficacy and tolerability. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo a new extended-release formulation of PQ (60 mg). The formulation was administered to beagle dogs and plasma PQ concentrations were compared to a conventional immediate-release formulation of PQ (60 mg). The evaluation was carried out using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method using solid-phase extraction. Total PQ exposure in beagle dogs was 2·2 times higher (area under curve of 12 193 versus 5678 ng h/ml) and the elimination half-life of PQ was a 19-fold greater (12·95 hours versus 0·68 hours) with the extended-release tablets compared with the immediate-release tablets. These findings suggest that the extended-release formulation of PQ merits further evaluation for the treatment of P. vivax malaria and/or chemoprophylaxis.