Music at the Court of King Oliver

Abstract

This article explores the role of music at the protectoral court of Oliver Cromwell (1653–8) in three ways. First, it examines evidence for music being used in state occasions, including the Protector’s ‘entry’ into London (1654), the proclamation of treaties (1654–5) and official days of thanksgiving (1656–7). Alongside these public displays, music also played an important part in private occasions at court. In both cases there was a sophistication in form and function that has hitherto been overlooked. Second, the article identifies the musicians employed at court, the links between these professionals and the world of amateur music-making in London, and the importance of powerful patrons, including Edward Montagu, Bulstrode Whitelocke, Viscount Lisle and Cromwell himself. Third, it is suggested that this vibrant musical culture was part of a growing ‘civilian’ ethos at the Cromwellian court, and that it was no coincidence that among its patrons and supporters were those who were eager to crown ‘King Oliver’ in the spring of 1657.