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Abstract
The Long Beach (Calif.) Water Department (LBWD) is aggressively investigating seawater desalination as a potential source of potable water. In addition to testing the operational feasibility of various desalting membrane technologies, including the patented two-pass nanofiltration process and traditional seawater reverse osmosis, LBWD is researching an alternative intake and discharge system to address potentially negative environmental impacts associated with open-ocean intakes and disharges. Regulations require a more environmentally friendly process for seawater intakes to mitigate against impingement and entrainment, as well as point-source high-salinity discharges. LBWD research on an under-ocean floor system is aimed at addressing these concerns.