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KIVA
Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History
Volume 77, 2011 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

CHACOAN IMMIGRATION AND INFLUENCE IN THE MIDDLE SAN JUAN

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Pages 251-274 | Published online: 24 Jul 2015
 

Abstract

The identities and origins o f the builders and inhabitants of Chacoan outliers have long been the subject of debate, particularly in the Middle San Juan (MSJ). Did immigrants from Chaco Canyon establish these outliers as colonies, did local groups emulating Chacoan ideology build these settlements, or did both groups build and co-reside within them? This paper argues for a bottom-up approach that carefully examines the archaeological record of each valley (Animas, San Juan, and La Plata) when considering these questions. We discuss methods that have been successfully employed elsewhere in the U.S. Southwest to identify immigrants and reconstmct local-immigrant interaction. With respect to the latter, the concepts of coalescence, meta-identity, and diaspora are explored. These concepts may prove as helpful in explaining the “Chaco Phenomenon” as they have the subsequent “Salado Phenomenon” either from comparative or contrasting vantage points. Their utility is exemplified using a well-documented Salado case study in the San Pedro Valley of southeastern Arizona. The paper concludes with a discussion on how these methods and concepts may be used in disentangling the complex cultural history o f local-Chacoan interaction in the MSJ.

Abstract

Las identidades y orígenes de los constructores y habitantes de poblaciones Chacoan han sido por largo tiempo sujeto de debate, particularmente en Middle San Juan. ¿Fueron los inmigrantes de Chaco Canyon los que establecieron estas colonias, fueron los grupos locales los que construyeron estos asentamientos emulando la ideología Chacoan, ó ambos grupos construyeron y colaboraron entre ellos? Este artículo argumenta por un enfoque de abajo hacia arriba que exatnina cuidadosamente los datos arqueológicos en cada valle (Animas, San Juan, y La Plata) cuando considera estas preguntas. Nosotros discutimos métodos que han sido empleados con éxito en otras partes del Suroeste de los Estados Unidos para identificar inmigrantes y reconstruir interactión entre locales e inmigrantes. Con respecto a lo íltimo, los conceptos de unión y meta-identidad y diáspora son explorados. Estos conceptos podrían ser beneficiosos en la explicatión del “Chaco Phenomenon” cotno lo son en el subsigiuente “Salado Phenomenon.” Este articulo concluye con una discusión de cómo estos métodos y conceptos pueden ser usados para desenredar la compleja historia cultural de la interactión local-Chacoan en Middle San Juan.

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