PEDAL HYPER-SURFACES AND DOP FACTORS IN GPS

Abstract

The hyper-volume “enclosed” by the standard error pedal hyper-surface (the expression hypersurface instead of surface (in Rⁿ) used in mathematics etc, is just emphatic) is a proper measure of total uncertainty in multi-dimensional determination (usually) of positioning. This quantity -especially of use in GPS positioning- is upper bounded by a handy function of the associated DOP factor and minimized, for a given DOP factor, if and only if the precision of positioning is independent of “direction”.