Evaluation of outpatient prescription patterns of COVID-19 drugs in Iran: comparison of real practice with local therapeutic recommendations

Abstract

Background

A comprehensive guideline named “Diagnostic Therapeutic Flow Chart for Covid-19″ (DTFC) was released by the Scientific Committee of Covid-19 of Iran’s Ministry of Health and Medical Education and regularly was updated. The aim of this study was to compare the prescription pattern of drug treatment in outpatient Covid-19 patients with the DTFC.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on the prescription pattern of drugs given to outpatients with a diagnosis of Covid-19, in Isfahan City from June to September 2021 (concurrent with the fifth peak of Covid-19 in Iran) taking into account the recommendations of the 9th version of DTFC (December 2020). A total of 8250 prescriptions were retrieved from the Public Health Department of Isfahan City.

Results

Famotidine 20, 40 mg tablets (N = 936 patients) was the most prescribed drug followed by dexamethasone ampule (N = 588), prednisolone 5, 50 mg tablets (N = 478), azithromycin 250, 500 mg capsules (N = 452), diphenhydramine syrup (N = 362), vitamin D3 soft gel 50,000 Iu (N = 526), naproxen 250, 500 mg tablets (N = 266) and favipiravir 200 mg tablet (N = 191). The following drugs were administered against the recommendation of the DTFC-9: azithromycin, favipiravir, remdesivir, cetirizine, corticosteroids, vitamin C, vitamin B12, multivitamins, proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omperazole, anticoagulants (rivaroxaban,….), aspirin and ivermectin. Administration of analgesics, famotidine, hydroxychloroquine, vitamin D3, diphenhydramine and statins were in concordance with the DTFC-9.

Conclusion

In this study, we showed frequent use of drugs with unproven efficacy in outpatient cases of Covid-19 mostly attributed to corticosteroids and antibiotics use. Our research highlights the discrepancy between recommendations for care and clinical practice and the need for strategy to bridge gaps in evidence-based informed decision-making.

Keywords:

• Covid-19
• Outpatient care
• Drug prescription
• Evidence-based medicine
• Iran

Funding

This study was granted by the research deputy of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (grant number: 3400712).

Availability of data and materials

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study protocol was approved by Ethics committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS).

Consent for publication

All authors have contributed significantly to the publication and aware and agree with the submission.

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