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Abstract
Offers a few broadly evaluative observations about what we have learned from the articles and commentaries contained in this special section. We discuss how-although the contributions contained in this special section might be viewed on one level as suggesting a lack of consensus concerning the role of theory-on a metalevel the contributions are suggestive of movement toward consensus. The emerging consensus seems to be that not only is theory alive and well but it is unlikely that we will ever be able to do without theory. However, our ways of thinking and talking about theory appear to be undergoing change; that is, the trend is in the emergence of theory as a guide for action or action-based epistemology. We conclude with ideas about future directions, including the call for methodological pluralism, theoretical pluralism, and metatheoretical development.