Globalising Chinese Medical Understandings of Menopause

Abstract

This essay examines the treatment of menopausal syndrome by Chinese medicine as a window on how globalisation impacts on the development of the Chinese medical tradition. The treatment strategies for menopausal syndrome were invented in 1964 and betray a strong influence of biomedical thinking. Today, they are sold both at home and abroad as products of 2,000 years of clinical experience. Close examination of textual sources reveals that such attachment is achieved by way of skillfully patching selected elements of tradition onto each other, creating a narrative that appears coherent and fits biomedical models of menopause, but is intrinsically fragile. Not only can the patchwork that sustains this narrative easily be deconstructed (as for instance in this article) but having attached itself to a distinctive interpretation of ageing—universal, biological and chauvinist—it also opens itself up to all of the criticisms that have been made of biomedical models of menopause insensitive to local variations in women's experience. Furthermore, there is no evidence that modernising Chinese medical interpretations of menopause have increased its effectiveness in clinical practice. Whilst the essay itself does not seek to resolve these tensions, it demonstrates that the globalisation of Chinese medicine provides it not merely with opportunities but also with important new problems whose resolution may determine its ongoing development—and indeed survival—as a living tradition.

• Menopause
• China
• Globalisation
• Chinese medicine

Notes

1 The title of these chapters, and therefore the name by which menopausal syndrome is referred to, varies. “Manifestation patterns associated with the cessation of menstruation” (jingduan qianhou zhuzheng 經斷前後諸證), “symptoms and signs associated with the cessation of menstruation” (jingduan qianhou zhenghou 經斷前後症候), “symptoms and signs associated with perimenopause” (juejing qianhou zhuzheng 絕經前後諸癥) and periomenopausal syndrome (juejingqi zonghezheng 絕經期綜合徵) are common terms found in the literature.