The ALG-2 Binding Site in Sec31A Influences the Retention Kinetics of Sec31A at the Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit Sites as Revealed by Live-Cell Time-Lapse Imaging

Abstract

ALG-2, a member of the penta-EF-hand protein family, interacts Ca²⁺-dependently with a COPII component, Sec31A. In this study, we first established HeLa cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein-fused ALG-2 (GFP-ALG-2) and red fluorescent protein-fused Sec31A (Sec31A-RFP). After inducing Ca²⁺-mobilization, the cytoplasmic distribution of GFP-ALG-2 changed from a diffuse to a punctate pattern, which extensively overlapped with the Sec31A-RFP-positive structures, indicating that ALG-2 is recruited to the endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES) in living cells. Next, overlay experiments with biotin-labeled ALG-2 were done to dissect the ALG-2 binding site (ABS). They revealed that a sequence comprising amino acid residues 839–851 in the Pro-rich region was necessary and sufficient for direct binding to ALG-2. Finally, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis indicated that the ABS deletion reduced the high-affinity population of Sec31A to the ERES, suggesting that the ABS is one of the key determinants of the retention kinetics of Sec31A at ERES.

• ALG-2
• Sec31A
• endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites
• time-lapse imaging
• fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)