Changes in the Mutagenic and Estrogenic Activities of 17β-Estradiol after Treatment with Nitrite

Shuichi MASUDADepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences and COE program in the 21 Century, University of Shizuoka

Yumeko TERASHIMADepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences and COE program in the 21 Century, University of Shizuoka

Ayako SANODepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences and COE program in the 21 Century, University of Shizuoka

Masaki OKADADepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences and COE program in the 21 Century, University of Shizuoka

Yuya DEGUCHIDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences and COE program in the 21 Century, University of Shizuoka

Tomoyasu TOYOIZUMIDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences and COE program in the 21 Century, University of Shizuoka

Chitose SUGIYAMASchool of Health Promotional Science, Hamamatsu University

Shigenori KUMAZAWADepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences and COE program in the 21 Century, University of Shizuoka

Miya KAMIHIRADepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences and COE program in the 21 Century, University of Shizuoka

Hisashi YOSHIOKADepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences and COE program in the 21 Century, University of Shizuoka

Yoshiyasu TERAODepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences and COE program in the 21 Century, University of Shizuoka

Naohide KINAEDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences and COE program in the 21 Century, University of Shizuoka

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Abstract

We determined the changes in the mutagenic and estrogenic activities of 17β-estradiol after a nitrite treatment. Nitrite-treated 17β-estradiol showed mutagenic activities toward Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 100 and TA 98. We confirmed that nitrite-treated 17β-estradiol generated radicals from the results of an analysis of electron spin resonance. By applying an instrumental analysis, we identified 2-nitro-17β-estradiol to have been formed in the reaction mixture. 2-Nitro-17β-estradiol did not exhibit mutagenic activities toward Salmonella typhimurium strains, suggesting that other mutagens might have been formed in the reaction mixture. The clastogenic properties of nitrite-treated 17β-estradiol and 2-nitro-17β-estradiol were analyzed by a micronucleus test with male ICR mice. Nitrite-treated 17β-estradiol and 2-nitro-17β-estradiol induced a significantly higher frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes in mice. The estrogenic activity of 2-nitro-17β-estradiol was found to be lower than that of 17β-estradiol. These data suggest that a daily oral intake of 17β-estradiol and nitrite might induce the formation of mutagenic compounds in our body.

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Changes in the Mutagenic and Estrogenic Activities of 17β-Estradiol after Treatment with Nitrite

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Changes in the Mutagenic and Estrogenic Activities of 17β-Estradiol after Treatment with Nitrite

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