Single-Case Evaluation of a Negative Reinforcement Toilet Training Intervention

ABSTRACT

A negative reinforcement intervention was used to toilet train a child with multiple disabilities. The child appeared to actively withhold urinating in the toilet and was unresponsive to two positive reinforcement training programs. Negative reinforcement required that the child remain in the bathroom during toileting opportunities until he urinated properly. In-toilet urinating was achieved on the first day of intervention and the duration of training sessions decreased steadily. Appropriate toileting and an absence of urinary incontinence were documented post-intervention.

KEYWORDS:

• Negative reinforcement
• toilet training
• urinary incontinence
• developmental disabilities