The History of Recovered People as Wounded Healers

Abstract

Part I of this article traced the history of recovered alcoholics as wounded healers from their roles in late 18^th century Native American cultural revitalization movements and the American temperance movement through their work as lay therapists and counselors within outpatient counseling clinics, Minnesota Model inpatient programs, industrial alcoholism programs and halfway houses. This article will focus on how the roles of the “paraprofessional” recovered alcoholic and ex-addict evolved into the professionalized role of the modem addiction counselor.

Key Words:

• Paraprofessional
• recovered alcoholic
• professionalization
• wounded healer
• combined treatment