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ABSTRACT
Articles concerning the development of occupational assistance have become less prominent in the literature with much more emphasis being placed upon clinical issues than upon ongoing program formation and evolution. This article reviews 42 Occupational Alcoholism Program (OAP) case studies and 43 Employee Assistance Program (EAP) case studies that appeared in the literature between 1970 and 1990 to explore the relationship between the initiator of a program and the model of service provision implemented. While there was inadequate data to demonstrate a casual relationship the manner in which assistance was provided to employees and their families does appear to depend upon which stakeholder group initiated a program, particularly around the utilization of self-help resources. Differences were also noted between OAPs and EAPs, and between American and Canadian based programs.