Abstract
Many Native men and women embrace the term two-spiritto capture their sexuality and gender expression. By analyzing the narratives of almost 70 two-spirit Native leaders from across the U.S., we explored contemporary experiences of caregiving among two-spirit people, historical two-spirit roles related to caregiving, and the implications of these roles for two-spirit and Native communities. The central role of caregiving among two-spirit people, related Native community expectations, the diversity of caregiving experiences across the lifespan, and the importance of caregiving in maintaining indigenous community ties emerged as key themes.