Risk of Psychoactive Substance Dependence Among Substance Users in a Trauma Inpatient Population

Silvia S. Martins MD, PhD Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

Marc L. Copersino PhD Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard University, Belmont, MA, USA

Carl A. Soderstrom MD National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration, Glen Burnie, MD, USA

Gordon S. Smith MD, MPH Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA; Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

Patricia C. Dischinger PhD National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

David R. McDuff MD Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

J. Richard Hebel PhD National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems, and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Timothy J. Kerns MS National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Shiu M. Ho MA National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Kathleen M. Read MSW National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

David A. Gorelick MD, PhD Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

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Abstract

One measure of a substance's addictive risk is the proportion of users who become dependent. This study evaluates the lifetime and current risk of substance dependence among lifetime substance users among trauma inpatients and provides a relative ranking of addictive risk among the substances. Data on use of 8 substance groups (alcohol, opiates, cannabis, cocaine's other stimulants, sedative-hypnotics, hallucinogens, other drugs) were obtained by interview (Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-III-R) from 1,118 adult trauma inpatients. Prevalence of lifetime dependence among lifetime users ranged from 80.7% for opiates and 70.9% for cocaine to 33.3% for hallucinogens and 26.6% for sedative-hypnotics. The rank order of addictive risk was similar to that found in the general population. Trauma inpatients had a higher absolute addictive risk than the general population, comparable to the risk found in patients in treatment for substance use disorders, suggesting the importance of screening trauma inpatients for substance dependence.

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Risk of Psychoactive Substance Dependence Among Substance Users in a Trauma Inpatient Population

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Risk of Psychoactive Substance Dependence Among Substance Users in a Trauma Inpatient Population

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