Population Screening for Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and a follow-up bowel assessment is an evidence-based opportunity to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer. Health policy requires that population screening meets specified criteria, such as those identified by Wilson and Jungner for the World Health Organization. This article examines key criteria for FOBT screening in the context of the Canadian health care system, which places a high value on equitable access to services. Screening with FOBT is a suitable test that could be applied population-wide. Facilities for diagnosis and treatment are available provided a high-specificity FOBT is used. Finding real cost savings will be difficult, however. Canadian provinces are likely to opt to deliver colorectal screening through independently organized programs.

Key Words:

• Colorectal cancer
• population screening
• fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
• Canada