Identifying and Implementing Ethical Standards for Primary Prevention

Abstract

As yet, there is no formal, comprehensive system of ethics for those involved in primary prevention in human services, no explicit ethical code, and no mechanism for enforcement. This article presents a set of conceptual and procedural issues for establishing formal ethical accountability in the area of primary prevention. Three prerequisites are identified: group identity, recognition of need, and active participation. Areas of ethical concern are categorized and examined in terms of five principles derived from the Hippocratic Oath (avoiding harm, competence, avoiding exploitation, respect, and confidentiality) as well as two additional principles (informed consent; social equity and justice). Finally, three processes necessary to the creation of a useful and effective system of ethical accountability are discussed: the creation and revision of standards, the implementation of standards, and program evaluation.