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Journal of GLBT Family Studies Volume 2, 2006 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Male-to-Female Transgender Youth

Gender Expression Milestones, Gender Atypicality, Victimization, and Parents' Responses

Arnold H. Grossman PhD Department of Applied Psychology, The Steinhardt School of Education, New York University, New York, NY, USA
,
Anthony R. D'augelli PhD Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
&
Nickolas P. Salter BS Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
Pages 71-92 | Received 29 Jun 2004, Accepted 05 Aug 2004, Published online: 21 Sep 2008
 
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Abstract

Thirty-one male-to-female transgender youth reported on their gender identity, gender expression, gender atypicality, and their parents' responses. Youth felt, acted, and were told they were different between eight and nine years of age. Many were called sissies and told to change their behavior by parents; more gender-atypical youth reported childhood parental abuse.

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