Nevirapine or Efavirenz Combined with Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Compared to HAART: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Abstract

Purpose: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to evaluate effectiveness and tolerability of triple antiretroviral therapy regimens in HIV-infected patients. Method: RCTs including the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) nevirapine (NVP) or efavirenz (EFV) compared to two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimens and to three-drug regimens based on two NRTIs and one protease inhibitor (PI; highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART]) were analyzed by Peto’s method. Results: A significant virological response was observed in patients treated with NNRTIs (odds ratio [OR] 3.6; 95% CI, 2.2-6.0), particularly in naïve patients (OR 7.4; 95% CI, 4.1-13.5). A fair reduction of HIV disease progression was also observed in patients treated with NNRTIs (OR 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.0). Moreover, a significantly lower rate of HIV progression was observed in patients with a CD4 + lymphocyte count below 100/mm³. Five RCTs comparing two NRTIs and one NNRTI to HAART were subsequently evaluated. A slightly higher rate of virological response was observed with NNRTIs (OR 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1), whereas no difference was observed concerning progression of HIV disease. Conclusion: Antiretroviral therapy including NVP or EFV was more effective in reducing viral load than therapy with only two NRTIs and was slightly more effective than HAART. Effectiveness in delaying HIV disease progression was less evident, even though lower rate of progression was observed in patients with advanced HIV infection compared to two NRTIs alone.

Keywords:

• antiretroviral therapy
• HIV infection
• nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• nevirapine
• efavirenz
• protease inhibitors
• randomized controlled trials
• meta-analysis