Residual Cold Work and Its Influence on Tensile and Creep Properties of Types 304 and 316 Stainless Steel

Abstract

Tensile and creep properties of Types 304 and 316 stainless steel in the as-received (mill-annealed) and reannealed (laboratory-annealed) conditions have been related by P_RA = A + BP_AR, where P_RA and P_AR are properties in the reannealed and as-received conditions, respectively, and A and B are material constants. Constant B was shown to give a measure of change in tensile properties due to grain-size differences, whereas A, although related to grain size, primarily gave a measure of cold work. The mill-annealed condition of plate and pipe products of Types 304 and 316 stainless steel showed 3 to 4% residual cold work, presumably resulting from bending and straightening operations, as opposed to ∼ 10% for the bar product of Type 316 stainless steel. The changes in creep properties on reannealing were shown to be consistent with corresponding changes observed in yield strength and grain sizes. Constants A and B have been summarized for tensile and creep properties of plate, pipe, and bar products of Types 304 and 316 stainless steel.