Emerging strategies in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of chlamydial infections

Abstract

Chlamydial infections cause a spectrum of diseases affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterium and the causative agent of trachoma, the leading cause of preventable infectious blindness in the world. The unique intracellular life-cycle and the chronic, persistent nature of chlamydial infections have hindered efforts to develop optimal diagnostic, preventive and treatment strategies for these pathogens. The reported association of C. pneumoniae with atherosclerosis and adult onset asthma suggests that these organisms may play an important role in the aetiology of chronic diseases. Treatment options involving new classes of antibiotics or new versions of existing antibiotics that may provide greater specificity and utility for long-term use against chlamydiae are much needed. In addition, new combinations of therapies are needed to manage existing chronic conditions and at the same time to alleviate any role that chlamydiae could be playing in these conditions. Novel strategies that address these shortcomings are apparent in recent research efforts. This review summarises patent claims of emerging strategies to diagnose, prevent and treat chlamydial infections. In addition, current efforts to develop suitable vaccine candidates are highlighted.

• Chlamydia
• sp.
• diagnosis
• prevention
• treatment
• vaccines