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Abstract
Restenosis occurs in approximately 30% of patients undergoing balloon angioplasty or similar treatments to open the blocked vascular lumen. Attempts to treat this condition by angioplasty, radiation or small molecule therapies are often unsuccessful resulting in the reformation of the neointima. The use of recombinant therapies to treat restenosis is under development. Using in vitro and in vivo models, a variety of growth factors, cytokines and other such molecules have been found to play a role in the development of this condition. Investigators are exploring the possibility of using gene therapy or antisense and decoy oligonucleotide therapies to treat restenosis. The use of cytopathic toxins targeted specifically toward cells contributing to neointima formation has also been explored with some success. Each of the recombinant therapies for restenosis have been discussed in detail in this article.