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Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most frequent and most lethal cancer worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises the vast majority of the histological types. Surgery remains the standard therapy for early stage disease but for advanced stage disease, modern treatment is unsatisfactory. However, during the past ten years, improvements in response and survival have been seen with the use of newer chemotherapy regimens. Early studies of neo-adjuvant (pre-operative) chemotherapy for resectable stage III patients have shown promising results. For patients with non-resectable NSCLC platinum-based doublets are now established as first-line treatment, either alone or in combination with radiotherapy. Innovative non-platinum based combinations are actively being evaluated. The most promising non-platinum agents at this time include gemcitabine, paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan and vinorelbine. These agents appear to be effective as single agents and in combinations and also have improved toxicity profiles. Several other systemic approaches are under active evaluation; the most promising areas include anti-angiogenesis agents, immunotoxins, interleukins, vaccines and molecular therapy.