Apomorphine therapy in Parkinson's disease: a review

Ihtsham Ul Haq Research Fellow, Movement Disorders Program, University of Florida, Department of Neurology/McKnight Brain Institute, 100 S. Newell Drive, PO Box 100236, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0236, USA +1 352 273 5550; +1 352 273 5575; [email protected]

Peter A Lewitt Professor of Neurology, Wayne State University, Clinical Neuroscience Center (P.A.L.) 26400 W. 12 Mile Rd, Suite 180 Southfield, MI 48034, USA

Hubert H Fernandez Co Director, Movement Disorders Program, University of Florida, Department of Neurology/McKnight Brain Institute, 100 S. Newell Drive, PO Box 100236, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0236, USA +1 352 273 5550; +1 352 273 5575; [email protected]

Abstract

Motor fluctuations are common and distressing for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. Subcutaneous apomorphine injections can be an extremely valuable adjunctive therapy. In this review, the authors discuss the history, pharmacology, efficacy, safety and proper administration of apomorphine for treating ‘off’ states in Parkinson's disease, with a focus on intermittent subcutaneous administration.

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Apomorphine therapy in Parkinson's disease: a review

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Apomorphine therapy in Parkinson's disease: a review

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