Elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer: which therapy is the safest?

Abstract

Patients > 65 years of age are the fastest growing segment of the cancer population. It is estimated that within 20 years, > 75% of cases and 85% of deaths from colorectal cancer (CRC) will be in this setting. Concerns about cancer treatment in the elderly relate to comorbidities, which increase proportionally with age, physiological changes associated with ageing that may influence drug metabolism and toxicity, and diminishing life expectancy, which particularly impacts decisions surrounding the benefits of adjuvant therapies. Over the last 10 years, significant improvements in the treatment of advanced CRC with combination therapy have been made. The randomised trials that have defined these improvements did not exclude elderly patients; however, the median age of patients in these trials has generally been ∼ 60 years. Thus, it appears that some degree of selection is involved with younger and presumably fitter patients being the subjects in most of the pivotal trials. The availability of new molecularly targeted agents and newly improved existing agents has expanded the range of treatment options available. This variety gives greater flexibility in dealing with different subsets of patients, such as the elderly. However, some fit elderly patients seem to tolerate combination therapy reasonably well, whereas studies on unfit elderly subjects are needed.

Keywords::

• 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
• capecitabine
• colorectal
• elderly
• irinotecan
• oxaliplatin
• raltitrexed
• UFT