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Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this work is to synthesize a novel stable and biodegradable nitric oxide (NO) donor polymer based on a chitosan backbone. This polymer needed to be linked to glutathione (GSH), which was nitrosated in a second step. This polymer has been developed as an NO delivery platform that could be further evaluated for an oral delivery in Crohn’s disease.
Methods: The new polymer (named S-nitrosoglutathione-oligosaccharide-chitosan or SNOC) was obtained using a two-step procedure involving the linkage of GSH to chitosan via an amidine reaction followed by a post-nitrosation with NaNO2. The GSH linkage was assessed using NMR, FTIR and an Ellman’s test, whereas the final NO amount was determined by the Griess and Saville method.
Results: Polymers with different numbers of NO groups were obtained (159.04 ± 64.16 µmol/g of polymer for SNOC G1 and 525.08 ± 151.35 µmol/g of polymer for SNOC G2) depending on the procedure used for production. When tested in an Ussing chamber, SNOC G2 had a sustained release of NO and nitrites for at least 6 h.
Conclusion: We believe that this type of polymer is adapted for the development of various formulations, including microparticles.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge Sebastien Leclerc for NMR experiments (CRM2, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France).
Declaration of interest
SU Shah received a scholarship from the University of Gomal (Pakistan). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.