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Abstract
I will focus on the literariness and theatricality of the court, first by discussing Henrik Ib- sen’s famous play John Gabriel Borkman ( 1896), then by presenting an overview of what was probably the most spectacular espionage case in Scandinavian history, the Treholt case of 1984–2008. Ibsen’s play is profoundly topical, since it deals with issues relating to the first European financial crisis caused by liberalism. The Treholt case clearly illustrates issues relating to miscarriages of jus- tice and the link between law and political power.
Notes
1. Some main contributions of the Bergen School are: Concerning the theatricality of the court room: Johan Dragvoll, “Litteraturens norske triumf: tilfellet Per Liland” (A Norwegian Triumph of Literature: The Per Liland Case), Retfaerd: Nordisk juridisk tidsskrift (Nordic Journal of Law and Justice) 104/1, 2004; Johan Dragvoll, “Literature and Law in the Liland-case” (master’s thesis, University of Bergen, 2001). Concerning hermeneutics: Bjørn Christer Ekeland, “Dekonstruksjon, rett og rettferdighet. Om Jacques Derridas rettferdighetsbegrep og eksempelet Josef K.,” Retfaerd 104/3, 2004, at 52–65; Bjørn Christer Ekeland, “Just Words: On law, literature and rhetoric” (forthcoming doctoral thesis). Concerning the interrelation of literature and law: Arild Linneberg, Tretten triste essays om krig og litteratur (Thirteen Sad Essays on Literature and War) (Oslo: Gyldendal norsk forlag, 2001)
; Arild Linneberg, 12½ tale om litteratur og lov og rett (12½ Speeches on Literature and Law) (Oslo: Gyldendal norsk forlag, 2007) .2. Leo Löwenthal, Schriften 2. Das bürgerliche Bewusstsein in der Literatur (Frankfurt am Main, Surhkamp Verlag, 1981), 193–236
.3. Jean-Pierre Vernant, “Den greske tragedien—Tolkingsproblem,” in Moderne litteraturteori: En antologi, ed. Atle Kittang, Arild Linneberg, Arne Melberg & Hans H. Skei (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1992, 2003), 333, 334
.4. See Arild Linneberg, “Domstale Ekskurs: Fra Holberg til Ibsen,” in Linneberg, 12½ tale, supra note 1, at 48–55
.5. See also Atle Kittang, “Når malmen syng: Om John Gabriel Borkman,” Ibsens heroisme (Oslo: Gyldendal norsk forlag, 2002), 278–318
.6. Henrik Ibsen, John Gabriel Borkman (Middlesex: The Echo Library, 2006), 56
.7. Id. at 47.
8. Peter Szondi, Die Theorie des modernen Dramas (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1971).
9. Georg Johannesen, Rhetorica Norvegica (Oslo: Cappelen, 1987), 39.
10. Kittang, supra note 5, at 280.
11. See Löwenthal, supra note 2, at 193.
12. Ibsen, supra note 6, at 47.
13. See Lund-rapporten, dokument nr. 15 (1995–96 ), 28. Mars 1996, Oslo.
14. Arne Haugestad, Kappefall: Et varslet justismord (Oslo: Aschehoug forlag, 2004)
.15. See Arne Treholt, Gråsoner (Oslo: Gyldendal norsk forlag, 2003).
16. Id.
17. Id. at 214.
18. For this and the following, see Arild Linneberg, “Retten som forbrytelse. Tilfellet Treholt og rettsvesenets semiotikk,” 12½ tale, supra note 4, at 128–52.
19. The notes are included in the last chapter of Haugestad, supra note 14.
20. See Roland Barthes, Mytologier (Oslo: Gyldendal norsk forlag, 1975, Paris: Edition du soleil, 1957), 44–47
. For the differences between American and Continental practice, see also Richard Weisberg, “Literary Legality During the Holocaust: Camus’ Variations on the Nineteenth-Century Theme,” Failure of the Word (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1989), 114–27.21. See Wolfgang Iser, Der implizite Leser: Kommunikationsformen des Romans von Bynyan bis Beckett (Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1972)
, and Der Akt des Lesens. Theorie ästhetischer Wirkung (Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1976). See also Peter Brooks, “Storytelling Without Fear? Confession in Law and Literature,” in Law’s Stories, ed. Peter Brooks & Paul Gewirtz (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996), 117.22. The following pages were redacted or omitted in the verdict Eidsivatings (nå Borgartings) Lagmannsretts dom av 20.juni 1985 i saken mot Arne Treholt : 57, 59, 65–66, 73–79, 109–36, 138–43, 145–83, 189–93, 213–16, 235, 241, 243–44.
23. http://www.ba.no.
24. See Roman Jakobson, Selected Writings, vol. 2, Word and Language (The Hague: Mouton, 1971)
; see also Strukturalisme i litteraturvitenskapen, ed. Anders Heldal & Arild Linneberg (Oslo: Gyldendal norsk forlag, 1978).25. Jan Mukarovsky, “L’Art comme fait sémiologique,” Actes du huitième congrès international de philosophie à Prague 2–7 septembre 1934 (Prague: 1936), 1065–72.
26. Jan Mukarovsky, “Estetisk verdi som sosialt faktum, (med et sammendrag om estetisk funksjon og estetisk norm),” in Heldal & Linneberg, supra note 24.
27. Bjørn Christer Ekeland & Arild Linneberg, introductory essay, “Dekonstruksjon, rett og rettferdighet,” to Jacques Derrida, Force de loi (1994)
, translated into Norwegian by Bjørn Christer Ekeland, Lovens makt (Oslo: Spartacus, 2002), 165–93.28. See Mikhail Bakhtin, “Discourse in the Novel,” in The Dialogic Imagination, ed. Michael Holquist (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981), 267–79
; Arild Linneberg, “The Long Arm of the Law: The Hidden Discourse of the Law in Bakhtins Theory of the Novel,” in The Novelness of Bakhtin, ed. Jørgen Bruhn & Jan Lundquist with a preface by Michael Holquist (Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 2001), 89–107.29. See Ole Krarup, Retten, magten og moralen (Copenhagen: Lindhardt & Ringhof, 1996).
30. Conservative politicians of the right-wing party from Oslo West Side.
31. See Norbert Bolz, Chaos und Simulation (Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1992)
, translated into Norwegian by Arild Linneberg, Kaos og simulasjon (Oslo: Spartacus forlag, 2003) .